Are cysts related to the lymphatic system?

September 27, 2025 •

4 min read

While cysts and swollen lymph nodes can both present as lumps under the skin, a key distinction is their origin. The vast majority of cysts are not directly related to the lymphatic system, though a rare form known as a lymphangioma is.

Quick Summary

Most cysts are fluid-filled sacs formed from blocked glands or infection and are not part of the lymphatic system, but a distinct type called a lymphangioma is a malformation of lymphatic vessels. Differentiating a common cyst from a lymphatic issue requires examining factors like location, texture, mobility, and growth pattern. Medical evaluation is crucial to determine the cause of any persistent or concerning lump.

Key Points

Cysts vs. Lymph Nodes: Most cysts are unrelated to the lymphatic system and are typically harmless fluid-filled sacs, while lymph nodes are immune system components that swell in response to illness.
Lymphatic Malformations (Lymphangiomas): A rare exception is the lymphangioma, a cystic growth that is a direct result of improperly formed lymphatic vessels.
Differentiating Characteristics: You can often distinguish between a common cyst and a swollen lymph node by noting its location, texture, mobility, and rate of growth, though professional diagnosis is essential.
Medical Consultation: Any new, growing, painful, or persistent lump should be checked by a doctor to rule out serious conditions and get an accurate diagnosis.
Causes Vary Widely: Common cysts form from blocked glands, infection, or other localized issues, whereas lymphatic cysts result from congenital malformations of the lymphatic system.
Treatment Depends on Type: Treatment for a cyst can range from observation to surgical removal, while swollen lymph nodes often resolve on their own once the underlying infection clears.
Do Not Self-Treat: Never attempt to pop or drain a lump at home, as this can lead to serious infection, scarring, or complications.

Understanding the Fundamentals: Cysts vs. Lymph Nodes

To answer the question, "Are cysts related to the lymphatic system?", it is essential to first understand the difference between a cyst and a lymph node, a key component of the lymphatic system. A cyst is a closed pocket or sac filled with fluid, air, or pus that can form almost anywhere in the body. They typically arise from issues such as blocked glands, infections, or trauma. Lymph nodes, on the other hand, are bean-shaped glands that are an integral part of the immune system. They act as filters for lymph fluid, trapping and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that your body's immune system is actively fighting an infection or illness.

Non-Lymphatic Cysts: Common Causes and Characteristics

The vast majority of lumps people encounter are common, benign cysts with no connection to the lymphatic system. These are typically localized issues that affect a specific area or organ.

Epidermoid Cysts: These are common skin cysts that result from the buildup of keratin and skin cells trapped beneath the skin's surface. They often appear on the face, neck, and trunk.
Sebaceous Cysts: These develop from blocked sebaceous glands, which produce the skin's natural oil (sebum). They are most often found on the scalp, face, or back.
Ganglion Cysts: These fluid-filled sacs most commonly form near joints, especially the wrists and hands. Their exact cause is not fully understood, but they are unrelated to the lymphatic system.
Ovarian and Breast Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that form within organs. For example, ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on an ovary, often related to the reproductive cycle. Breast cysts are also common and almost always benign.

The Direct Connection: Lymphatic Malformations

While most cysts are not related to the lymphatic system, there is a specific and rare type of malformation that is directly linked. These are known as lymphatic malformations, previously called lymphangiomas or cystic hygromas. These occur due to abnormal development of the lymphatic vessels, which causes lymph fluid to pool and form a spongy cluster of cysts.

What are they? Lymphatic malformations are benign (non-cancerous) growths that are present from birth, though they may become more apparent over time.
Where do they occur? While they can occur anywhere, they are most common in the head and neck region.
How do they differ? Unlike typical cysts that form from blockages, these malformations are the result of improperly formed lymphatic vessels that fail to drain properly.

Distinguishing Between a Cyst and a Lymph Node

Because both cysts and swollen lymph nodes can appear as lumps under the skin, it is crucial to know how to tell them apart. A medical professional's evaluation is always necessary for a definitive diagnosis, but here are some general differentiating characteristics:


Feature	Cyst	Swollen Lymph Node
Location	Can appear almost anywhere on the body, not confined to specific areas.	Typically found in clusters in specific regions: neck, armpits, groin, chest, abdomen.
Texture	Generally firmer, more rounded, and well-defined.	Usually softer, with a rubbery or spongy texture.
Mobility	Tends to feel fixed in place and moves with the skin.	Often moves slightly under the skin when pressed and is not attached to the overlying skin.
Timing	Forms slowly and may remain for years, or gradually increase in size.	Often swells quickly in response to an infection and resolves as the illness subsides.
Cause	Blocked glands, infections, genetics, or trauma.	Response to infection, inflammation, or immune system activity.
Pain	Painless unless infected or inflamed.	Often tender or painful when swollen due to infection.

Medical Evaluation and When to See a Doctor

Any persistent or new lump on your body should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. While many lumps are harmless, it is important to rule out more serious conditions. A doctor will perform a physical exam and may order further tests, such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, to determine if the lump is solid or fluid-filled. In some cases, a biopsy may be required to get a definitive diagnosis.

For a lymphatic malformation, specialized evaluation by a team with expertise in vascular anomalies may be recommended. You can find more information about these conditions and the lymphatic system in general at reputable health sources, such as the Cleveland Clinic website.

Conclusion: Clarifying the Connection

In summary, while the terms cyst and lymph node are often confused, they are fundamentally different. A typical cyst is a benign, fluid-filled sac with a variety of causes that is not part of the lymphatic system. However, a specific type of malformation, the lymphangioma, is a cyst that results from the improper formation of the lymphatic system's vessels. Knowing the distinction and understanding the characteristics of each is vital for proper evaluation. Always seek a medical professional's opinion for any new or changing lump to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate course of action.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, it is very common for people to mistake a cyst for a swollen lymph node because both can present as lumps under the skin. A doctor's evaluation is often needed to distinguish between the two, based on factors like texture, location, and mobility.

Most cysts, including lymphatic malformations, are benign (non-cancerous). However, a lymphatic malformation can cause problems if it grows large enough to put pressure on vital organs or causes cosmetic issues. Medical attention is important to monitor and manage these growths.

A lymphangioma is a rare, benign lymphatic malformation that is a direct result of the lymphatic system. It is a cluster of abnormal, fluid-filled lymphatic vessels that typically form before birth and can appear as a cystic mass, most often in the head and neck region.

While difficult to know for certain without a doctor, observing the lump's characteristics can provide clues. Cysts are often firmer and feel fixed in place, while swollen lymph nodes tend to be softer, feel more rubbery, and may be tender to the touch, especially during an infection.

Most common cysts are benign and do not turn into cancer. However, any suspicious changes in a lump—such as rapid growth, changes in color, or increased pain—should be evaluated by a doctor to rule out other, more serious conditions.

Lymphatic malformations, unlike many common cysts, often do not resolve on their own. They can grow over time and may require intervention such as sclerotherapy or surgery, especially if they are causing symptoms or complications.

The lymphatic system plays a critical role in immunity, helping to fight infections by producing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and filtering out harmful substances. It also helps maintain proper fluid balance in the body.