What Happens When You Ingest Vaseline?
Petroleum jelly, the primary component of Vaseline, is a refined mineral oil and wax blend. Unlike food, it is indigestible and passes through the body largely unchanged. Because of its non-soluble, oily nature, ingesting it triggers a range of physical responses in the body. While a minimal, accidental lick from your lips might not pose an issue, purposeful or significant consumption can lead to gastrointestinal distress and, in some cases, more severe complications.
Short-Term Digestive Effects
Ingesting a large amount of petroleum jelly can lead to immediate and uncomfortable side effects related to your digestive system. Because of its lubricating properties, petroleum jelly can act as a laxative. This can result in several symptoms:
- Abdominal cramps or pain
- Diarrhea or loose stools
- Throat irritation due to the greasy texture
These effects are caused by the body's inability to break down the substance, which then lubricates and irritates the intestinal tract on its way out.
Long-Term and Serious Complications
While short-term effects are unpleasant, the more serious health risks are associated with long-term exposure or specific methods of ingestion. One of the most dangerous risks is aspiration, where the oily substance is accidentally inhaled into the lungs. This can cause a type of pneumonia known as lipid pneumonia, which can be very serious. The risk of aspiration is especially high for young children or individuals who may have difficulty swallowing.
Symptoms of aspiration may include:
- Persistent coughing
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
- Fever
Chronic, long-term ingestion, though rare, can also interfere with the body's absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). This can happen because the indigestible mineral oil binds to these vitamins in the digestive tract, preventing the body from utilizing them.
Not All Petroleum Jelly Is Created Equal
It is also important to note that not all petroleum jelly products are of the same quality or purity. Vaseline, specifically, is a brand of petroleum jelly that is purified through a patented "triple-purification" process to meet FDA requirements for topical use. However, cheaper, less refined cosmetic-grade or industrial-grade petroleum jellies may contain more impurities. These are not held to the same strict standards and could pose additional risks if ingested. White petroleum jelly, which is used in medical applications, is also more refined and purer than yellow varieties. However, even the purest medical-grade petroleum jelly is not intended for consumption.
Comparison: Topical Use vs. Consuming Vaseline
| Feature | Topical Use (As Intended) | Consuming Vaseline (Not Recommended) |
|---|---|---|
| Intended Purpose | Protects minor cuts, soothes chapped skin, seals in moisture. | No nutritional or health benefit; not food. |
| Primary Function | Forms a protective, moisturizing barrier on the skin. | Acts as an indigestible lubricant in the digestive tract. |
| Effect on Body | Generally non-irritating and hypoallergenic. | Can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and cramping. |
| Safety Profile | Very safe for external use, low risk of side effects. | Poses risks including aspiration and vitamin malabsorption. |
| FDA Status | Recognized as an over-the-counter skin protectant drug. | Not approved for ingestion. |
What to Do If You or Someone Else Ingests Vaseline
For small, accidental ingestion:
- Give a few sips of water to help wash the taste out of the mouth.
- Observe for symptoms like diarrhea or stomach upset.
- Contact Poison Control for guidance if you are concerned.
For large-scale ingestion or signs of aspiration (coughing, choking):
- Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately if there is a choking hazard or difficulty breathing.
- Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a medical professional.
- Be prepared to provide details like the person's age, weight, and the amount of Vaseline consumed when speaking to emergency services.
Conclusion
The bottom line is clear: while small, accidental ingestion of Vaseline is unlikely to cause serious harm, it is never a good idea to eat it intentionally. Its oily, indigestible nature can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and, in rare but serious cases, potentially life-threatening complications like aspiration pneumonia. For your safety, use petroleum jelly products only for their intended topical purposes and keep them out of the reach of children. The product is meant to work wonders on dry skin—not in your stomach. For any concerns regarding ingestion, a call to your local poison control center or a healthcare provider is the safest course of action.
