Do surgical staples ever dissolve?
This is a crucial point of clarification. Unlike some sutures (stitches) that are specifically designed to be absorbed by the body, standard surgical staples are not dissolvable. They are typically made from inert, non-corrosive metals like stainless steel, titanium, or nickel-chromium alloy, and their purpose is to provide a strong, secure closure for external wounds or to join internal tissue during major surgery.
Because they do not dissolve, external staples must be removed by a medical professional once the incision has healed sufficiently. This is a simple, quick procedure performed in a clinical setting using a specialized staple remover.
The real difference: Staples vs. Dissolvable Sutures
The confusion around dissolvable staples likely stems from the use of dissolvable sutures. These are very different medical devices, and it’s important for patients to understand the distinction for proper wound care and recovery. Dissolvable sutures are made from biocompatible materials that the body's tissues can break down and naturally absorb. They are often used for deep layers of an incision, where they would be inaccessible for removal. They are not visible on the surface of the skin and can take anywhere from a couple of weeks to several months to fully dissolve, depending on the material used.
Surgical staple removal timeline
For external staples, the timeline for removal depends on several factors, primarily the location and size of the wound, as well as the patient's overall health and healing speed. The doctor will provide a specific timeframe, but here are some general guidelines:
- Scalp: 7 to 10 days
- Face: 3 to 5 days
- Neck: 5 days
- Trunk: 7 to 10 days
- Arms and legs: 10 to 14 days
- Joints: Up to 14 to 21 days, due to higher skin tension
It is imperative to follow your healthcare provider's instructions and attend follow-up appointments for staple removal. Removing them too early can lead to the wound reopening, while leaving them in too long can increase the risk of infection and scarring.
What about internal staples?
While external staples are removed, internal surgical staples are most often permanent. These are used to connect tissue inside the body, such as during gastrointestinal or bariatric surgery. These staples are made of the same inert metals and are designed to remain in the body indefinitely without causing harm. Your body forms new tissue around them, securing the internal closure permanently. The use of permanent internal staples is a well-established and safe surgical practice.
Proper wound care while staples are in
Proper care is essential to prevent infection and promote healing. Your doctor will provide specific instructions, but general guidelines include:
- Keep the wound dry: For the first 24 to 48 hours, avoid getting the incision wet. After that, you can usually shower, but you should avoid soaking the area in baths or pools until fully healed.
- Clean gently: Follow your doctor's instructions for cleaning. This often involves gently washing the area with soap and water.
- Avoid harsh products: Do not use hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, or other strong antiseptics on the wound, as these can damage new tissue and delay healing.
- Hands off: Do not pick at scabs, scratch the wound, or attempt to dislodge the staples. This is especially important for children, who may need close supervision.
- Watch for signs of infection: Monitor the area for increased redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or any pus or discharge. Report any concerns to your doctor immediately.
Comparison: Surgical Staples vs. Dissolvable Sutures
| Feature | Surgical Staples (External) | Dissolvable Sutures (Internal) |
|---|---|---|
| Composition | Inert metals (stainless steel, titanium) | Synthetic polymers (e.g., polyglactin, polydioxanone) |
| Placement | Surface of the skin to close incisions | Beneath the skin to close internal tissue layers |
| Removal | Requires professional removal in a clinic setting | Absorbed naturally by the body over time |
| Timeline | Typically 7 to 21 days, depends on location | Weeks to several months, depends on material |
| Visibility | Visible on the skin's surface | Not visible, unless used for oral or other surface areas |
| Risk | Can increase risk of scarring if left too long | Can increase inflammatory response in some cases |
Conclusion: The Final Word on Surgical Staples
The most important takeaway is that standard surgical staples do not dissolve. The healing timeline you should focus on is for their removal, which is a procedure handled by a healthcare professional. For internal procedures, the staples are usually permanent and designed to remain in place indefinitely. By properly caring for your wound and following your doctor's orders, you can ensure a smooth recovery and minimize complications.
For more detailed information on incision care, refer to resources from reputable medical institutions, such as the Cleveland Clinic.
