A normal armpit temperature for adults is typically 0.5°F (0.3°C) to 1°F (0.6°C) lower than an oral temperature. Given that the average oral temperature is around 98.6°F (37°C), this places a normal axillary (armpit) temperature in the range of roughly 97.6°F to 98.1°F (36.4°C to 36.7°C), although it can vary from person to person. In adults, an armpit temperature over 99.0°F (37.2°C) is generally considered an indicator that a fever may be present.
Understanding armpit temperature readings in adults
It is important to remember that armpit temperature is considered the least accurate method for measuring core body temperature, and is best used as a screening tool. A rectal temperature is generally considered the most accurate, especially for infants, and an oral temperature is generally considered accurate for older children and adults when taken correctly. An armpit reading can be influenced by external factors, and a higher reading may warrant confirmation with a more reliable method if possible.
How to accurately take an armpit temperature
For a potentially more reliable result using the axillary method, follow these steps:
- Ensure the armpit is clean and dry.
- Place the tip of a digital thermometer deep into the center of the armpit, ensuring it touches skin, not clothing.
- Hold the arm tightly against the body until the thermometer signals completion, which typically takes a few minutes.
- Read and record the temperature.
Factors influencing body temperature and fever
Normal body temperature can vary throughout the day, often being lower in the morning and higher in the late afternoon. A person's temperature can also be influenced by factors such as age, sex, and physical activity. For example, studies have shown that younger, heavier individuals and women tend to have slightly higher body temperatures on average than older, thinner men.
Common causes of fever in adults
A fever is the body's natural immune response to fight off an infection. Common causes include:
- Infections: Viral infections (like the flu, common cold, or COVID-19) and bacterial infections (like strep throat, pneumonia, or urinary tract infections) are frequent causes.
- Inflammatory diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus can potentially lead to a fever.
- Reactions to medications or vaccines: Some drugs and vaccinations can cause a temporary fever.
- Heat-related illness: Heat exhaustion or heatstroke can cause a high temperature and may require immediate medical attention.
- Certain types of cancer: In some cases, an elevated temperature can be a symptom associated with certain cancers.
Comparison of temperature measurement methods
| Method | Normal Range Relative to Oral Temperature | Accuracy | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | Considered a baseline | High | Convenient for most adults and older children | Can be affected by eating, drinking, or smoking; requires mouth to be closed |
| Armpit (Axillary) | ~0.5-1°F lower than oral | Lower | Non-invasive and easy for screening | Generally considered the least accurate for core body temperature; best for initial assessment |
| Rectal | 0.5-1°F higher than oral | Highest | Generally considered the most accurate reflection of core body temperature | Invasive, less comfortable, often preferred for infants/young children |
| Forehead (Temporal) | ~0.5-1°F lower than oral | Varies | Quick and non-invasive | Accuracy can potentially be influenced by factors like forehead sweat or drafts |
| Ear (Tympanic) | 0.5-1°F higher than oral | Varies | Fast for children over 6 months and adults | May not be as accurate for infants under 6 months; improper placement can affect results |
When to see a doctor for a potential fever
While many instances of elevated temperature resolve on their own, certain symptoms may warrant medical attention. You should consider consulting a doctor or seeking immediate medical care if:
- Your temperature is significantly elevated and doesn't respond to appropriate measures.
- The elevated temperature persists for an extended period.
- You have a weakened immune system or are over 65, and your temperature is elevated.
- The elevated temperature is accompanied by other severe symptoms like a severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, or a rash.
- You experience extreme fatigue, difficulty breathing, seizures, or loss of consciousness.
- An elevated temperature appears after recent travel, surgery, or starting new medication.
Managing an elevated temperature at home
If an elevated temperature is not severe and a doctor visit is not immediately necessary, you can take steps to manage symptoms and promote comfort.
- Rest: Adequate rest is considered crucial as it allows your body to conserve energy and address the underlying illness.
- Hydrate: Drinking plenty of fluids like water, clear broths, or electrolyte-rich drinks is recommended to help prevent dehydration, which can occur with elevated temperature and sweating.
- Stay cool: Wearing lightweight clothing and using a cool, damp washcloth on your forehead or neck may help with comfort.
- Medication: Over-the-counter options designed to help manage discomfort associated with elevated temperature may be used as directed.
- Lukewarm bath: A lukewarm bath may provide temporary relief. Avoid cold baths or alcohol wipes, as they can potentially cause shivering, which can raise body temperature.
Conclusion
Knowing how much is fever in adults' armpits? is a useful first step for gauging your health, but it's essential to understand its limitations. An armpit reading over 99.0°F (37.2°C) is typically considered an indicator of a potential fever, but this method is generally less accurate than oral or rectal readings. While most instances of elevated temperature resolve naturally, monitoring symptoms and knowing when to seek professional medical advice is crucial, particularly if the temperature is high, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning signs. Practicing good hygiene and understanding basic comfort measures can potentially support recovery.
