Understanding the role of your lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that play a vital role in your body's immune system. They are part of a larger network called the lymphatic system, which helps to filter harmful germs, bacteria, and viruses from the body's tissues. Located throughout the body, they are often grouped in specific areas, including the neck, groin, and armpits. When your body detects an infection, immune cells rush to the nearest lymph nodes, causing them to swell.
Why you might feel your lymph nodes
Most of the time, lymph nodes are too small to be felt. However, there are several common reasons they can become noticeable:
- Infections: This is the most common reason for swelling. As your body fights off an infection, such as a cold, flu, strep throat, or ear infection, the lymph nodes near the site of the infection may swell and become tender to the touch.
- Body Type: In individuals with less body fat, especially in areas like the groin or neck, it is possible to feel normal, pea-sized lymph nodes without any underlying health issue.
- Allergic Reactions: For some, an immune response to a strong allergen can trigger temporary lymph node swelling.
- Inflammation: Various inflammatory conditions can cause lymph node enlargement.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can cause generalized lymph node swelling in multiple areas.
- Recent Vaccinations: It is not uncommon to experience temporary lymph node swelling, particularly in the armpit, after receiving a vaccination in that arm.
How to check your lymph nodes
Checking your lymph nodes can help you become familiar with what feels normal for your body. Here's a simple guide:
- Use your fingertips: Use the pads of your fingers in a gentle, circular motion to feel for lumps or swelling.
- Compare both sides: For consistency, check both sides of your body, as swollen nodes are often found on one side near an infection.
- Check key areas: Focus on the most common locations: along the sides of your neck, under your jaw, in your armpits, and in your groin crease.
- Know what's normal: A normal lymph node typically feels small, soft, and slightly movable. When swollen due to an infection, it might feel firmer and tender.
Normal vs. Abnormal Lymph Nodes: A comparison
It can be difficult to tell the difference between a normal or reactive node and one that signals a more serious issue. Use the following table as a general guide, but remember that a medical professional is the only one who can provide an accurate diagnosis.
Feature | Normal/Reactive Lymph Node | Potentially Concerning Lymph Node |
---|---|---|
Size | Small, pea-sized, or bean-sized | Larger than 1 centimeter (approx. 0.4 inches) in diameter, and growing. |
Tenderness | Often painful or tender to the touch, especially during an infection. | Typically painless, but can be tender. |
Mobility | Moves freely or “rolls” under your fingers when pressed. | Feels hard, rubbery, and fixed or stuck in place. |
Duration | Swells temporarily, shrinking within a few days to a few weeks after illness subsides. | Stays swollen for longer than 2–4 weeks, or continues to grow. |
Associated Symptoms | Often accompanied by symptoms of a cold, flu, or local infection (e.g., sore throat). | May appear with no other signs of infection, or with fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss. |
Location | Swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin is most common. | Nodes above the collarbone can be a cause for concern. |
When to see a doctor
While feeling your lymph nodes is often normal, certain signs warrant a medical evaluation. It is important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- The lymph nodes remain swollen for more than 2 to 4 weeks.
- The nodes feel hard, fixed in place, or rubbery.
- The swelling is accompanied by a persistent fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss.
- The swelling occurs in a child and is larger than one centimeter.
- You feel swelling in the lymph nodes located above or below your collarbone.
- You have no other obvious signs of infection (like a cold or sore throat) to explain the swelling.
Your doctor may perform a physical exam, take blood tests, or order imaging tests to determine the cause of the swelling. For more information on swollen lymph nodes, you can refer to authoritative medical resources such as MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Conclusion: When in doubt, check it out
Ultimately, the ability to feel your lymph nodes is a very common experience and is often just a sign of your body's immune system doing its job. Most swollen nodes are benign and resolve on their own. However, paying attention to their characteristics and accompanying symptoms is crucial. If you have any persistent concerns or notice any of the red flags mentioned, a medical professional can provide a proper diagnosis and peace of mind.