The Risks of Swimming with a Sore
When you have an open wound, your body's primary protective barrier—the skin—is compromised. This makes you vulnerable to the microorganisms present in any body of water, whether it's a chlorinated swimming pool or a natural lake. The CDC warns against swimming with open cuts or wounds for this very reason. The risks include:
- Infection: Water, even if treated with chlorine, is not sterile. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites can easily enter the body through an open wound, leading to potentially serious infections. For example, some bacteria like Vibrio are common in warm saltwater and can cause severe illness or even flesh-eating infections, especially in those with compromised immune systems.
- Delayed Healing: Soaking a wound can cause the skin surrounding it to become waterlogged and swell, which can hinder the natural healing process. Chemicals like chlorine can also irritate the fragile, healing tissue, slowing down recovery.
- Contamination of Others: If you have an infection, or if a sore is weeping or draining, you risk spreading germs to others in the water, which is a public health concern.
The Difference Between Water Types
The type of water you're considering swimming in is a critical factor in determining the risk level.
Swimming Pools (Chlorinated)
Chlorinated pools are often considered safer than open water due to the sanitizing effects of chlorine. However, this safety is not absolute. Chlorine levels must be properly maintained to be effective, and some germs, such as Cryptosporidium, are highly resistant to chlorine. A pool's cleanliness can be unreliable, and improper chlorination can allow bacteria and fungi to thrive. For anything larger than a small abrasion, a chlorinated pool still presents a risk.
Natural Bodies of Water (Lakes, Oceans, Rivers)
This is where the risk factor rises significantly. Natural water sources are teeming with microorganisms, many of which can be harmful. The common misconception that saltwater is inherently good for wounds is a myth; marine bacteria and contaminants are prevalent, particularly in warmer coastal waters. The Alabama Department of Public Health warns specifically against entering natural water with cuts or abrasions due to the risk of Vibrio infection. Rivers and lakes can also harbor bacteria and parasites, increasing the danger of infection.
Protecting a Small Wound While Swimming
If you must enter the water with a minor wound, taking proper precautions is essential. For small, superficial cuts or scrapes that are already scabbing over, here is the recommended procedure:
- Clean Thoroughly: Before applying any dressing, clean the wound with mild soap and fresh water, ensuring all dirt is removed.
- Dry Completely: Pat the area completely dry with a clean cloth or towel. The waterproof bandage will not adhere properly to wet skin.
- Use a High-Quality Waterproof Bandage: Not all bandages are created equal. Choose a waterproof adhesive bandage that is specifically designed to create a tight seal around the wound.
- Seal the Edges: For extra security, consider using a medical-grade waterproof tape to reinforce the edges of the bandage. Some tapes, like Hy-Tape, are designed to stick firmly to the skin while still allowing for easy removal.
- Monitor and Replace: Immediately after swimming, remove the bandage and check the wound. If it appears compromised or the bandage edges are peeling, clean the wound again and apply a fresh, clean dressing. Don't leave a wet, saturated dressing on the wound, as this can encourage bacterial growth.
Table: Water Type vs. Wound Risk
| Water Type | Risk Level with a Sore | Primary Concerns | Best Practice for Sores |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorinated Pool | Moderate | Chlorine can irritate skin; some germs are chlorine-resistant; risk depends on maintenance. | Use a waterproof bandage for small wounds; avoid with larger or unhealed wounds. |
| Salt Water (Ocean) | High | Warm seawater can contain high concentrations of bacteria like Vibrio. | Avoid swimming entirely; saltwater is not a sterile disinfectant. |
| Fresh Water (Lake, River) | High | Teeming with bacteria, parasites, and viruses that can enter open skin. | Avoid swimming entirely; risk is very high for infection. |
| Hot Tub | High | Bacteria like Pseudomonas thrive in warm water, even if treated. | Avoid completely, especially with any unhealed or stitched wound. |
When to Avoid Swimming Entirely
It's important to recognize situations where even a waterproof bandage isn't enough. You should always avoid swimming with a sore if:
- The sore is large, deep, or has stitches.
- The wound is oozing pus or is actively draining.
- There are signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pain.
- You have a compromised immune system, which puts you at a much higher risk for serious complications.
When in doubt, it is always best to prioritize your health and stay out of the water. The water will always be there, but a severe infection can cause lasting damage.
The Final Word on Swimming with a Sore
While the desire to cool off or enjoy water activities is strong, the primary consideration should always be health and safety. The risks of infection and slowed healing from exposing an open sore to water are significant. For small, minor cuts, a properly applied waterproof bandage can offer some protection, but it is not a perfect solution. For any larger, deeper, or unhealed wounds, it is best to avoid swimming altogether, especially in natural bodies of water. Always monitor your wound closely for any signs of infection and consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.
What to Do If a Wound Seems Infected After Swimming
If you've exposed a wound to water and notice potential signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, swelling, or pus, take immediate action. Clean the wound, apply a clean dressing, and get medical attention promptly. Early intervention is crucial for effective treatment and preventing more serious complications.
