The question, "What is the top of my chest called?", prompts an exploration of the detailed anatomy of the upper thoracic region. This area, commonly referred to as the upper chest, comprises specific bones, joints, and muscles, each with its own name and function.
The Central Bone: Sternum and its Top Portion
At the center of the chest is the sternum, or breastbone, a long, flat, T-shaped bone providing structural support and protecting vital organs. The sternum has three parts, the uppermost being key to understanding the top of the chest.
- Manubrium: This is the broad, handle-like upper part of the sternum. It connects to the collarbones and the first two pairs of ribs.
- Sternal Angle: The junction between the manubrium and the main body of the sternum serves as an important anatomical landmark.
- Xiphoid Process: The smallest, lowest segment of the sternum.
The Visible Indentation: Suprasternal Notch
A prominent V-shaped dip is visible and palpable just above the sternum. This indentation has multiple anatomical names.
- Suprasternal Notch: The most common medical term.
- Jugular Notch: Also frequently used.
This landmark is medically important for locating structures like the trachea and large blood vessels.
The Muscles of the Upper Chest
Muscles contribute significantly to the form and function of the upper chest. The pectoralis major is the dominant muscle in this area.
- Pectoralis Major: A large, fan-shaped muscle covering most of the chest. It extends from the clavicle and sternum to the arm.
- Clavicular Head: The upper portion of the pectoralis major, attaching to the clavicle, is often referred to as the "upper chest" in fitness contexts.
- Pectoralis Minor: A smaller muscle beneath the pectoralis major that helps stabilize the shoulder blade.
Comparison of Upper Chest Anatomical Features
| Feature | Common Name | Medical Term | Location | Function | Components |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone | Breastbone | Sternum | Center of chest | Protects vital organs (heart, lungs) | Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process |
| Indentation | The hollow at the base of the neck | Suprasternal Notch / Jugular Notch | Top edge of the manubrium | Important anatomical landmark | Ligament attachment point |
| Muscle | Pectoralis muscle, “pecs” | Pectoralis Major | Covers the anterior chest | Adduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the arm | Clavicular and sternocostal heads |
| Area above collarbone | The hollow of the neck/shoulder | Supraclavicular Fossa | The indentation above the clavicle | Contains nerves, lymph nodes, and blood vessels | Brachial plexus, subclavian artery |
Other Structures at the Top of the Chest
Additional key anatomical structures are present in this region:
- Clavicles (Collarbones): These bones run horizontally across the top of the chest, connecting the arms to the trunk by attaching to the manubrium.
- Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes: Small glands above the collarbone that filter lymphatic fluid and are part of the immune system. Swelling can indicate infection.
- Brachial Plexus: A network of nerves supplying the upper limbs, passing through the supraclavicular fossa.
Conclusion: Multiple Names for a Complex Region
Defining the "top of the chest" requires understanding several anatomical terms rather than a single one. Key structures include the manubrium (bone), the suprasternal notch (indentation), and the clavicular head of the pectoralis major (muscle). These components are crucial for the structure and function of the upper chest and the protection of internal organs.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Chest pain can have various causes, some serious. While musculoskeletal issues like costochondritis or muscle strain can cause pain that worsens with movement or breathing, sudden, severe chest pain radiating to the arm, neck, or jaw, especially with shortness of breath, requires immediate medical attention as it could signal a heart attack. A medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis.
Final Thoughts on Chest Anatomy
The chest is a vital region, protecting organs and facilitating movement. Understanding its complex anatomy, including the interplay of bones, muscles, and nerves, is informative and valuable. For fitness enthusiasts, "upper chest" often refers to the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle. A basic understanding of these terms is beneficial for general knowledge and communication with healthcare providers.
Other Related Structures
Further components of the upper chest region include:
- Sternoclavicular Joint: The connection point between the manubrium and the clavicle. Injuries here can cause pain.
- Rib Cartilages: Also known as costal cartilages, these tissues connect the ribs to the sternum and facilitate breathing movements. Inflammation is called costochondritis.
- Serratus Anterior Muscle: Located on the side of the chest, it aids in scapular movement and is sometimes called the "boxer's muscle".
Proper Posture and Upper Chest Health
Good posture is essential for upper chest health. Poor posture can strain pectoral muscles and affect shoulder biomechanics. Resistance training and stretching help maintain muscle strength and flexibility.
Conclusion
The term "top of my chest" refers to a complex area encompassing several distinct anatomical structures. The central manubrium bone, the visible suprasternal notch, and the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle are key components. Familiarity with these terms enhances anatomical knowledge and improves communication with healthcare providers. More detailed anatomical information is available from resources like the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Bookshelf.
