What Exactly is 'Double-Jointed'?
The phrase “double-jointed” is a misnomer; it does not mean a person has extra joints. Instead, it refers to joint hypermobility, where the ligaments and other connective tissues are looser than average, allowing joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. This is largely due to genetics and variations in the body’s collagen, a protein that provides strength and elasticity to connective tissues. A person can have hypermobility in just a few joints or throughout their entire body, and the extent often lessens with age.
The Science Behind Your Flexibility
At the cellular level, the flexibility of connective tissue is primarily determined by the quality and quantity of collagen produced by the body. Different genetic variations can affect collagen, leading to different degrees of joint flexibility. This is why joint hypermobility can run in families. Factors like age and hormones also play a role, with flexibility often peaking during childhood and declining as a person gets older and their connective tissues stiffen.
The Prevalence of Hypermobility
The chances of you being double-jointed are surprisingly high, and the statistics vary depending on the population studied. Several sources suggest that joint hypermobility affects approximately 10% to 25% of the general population.
- In adults: Prevalence estimates typically fall between 10% and 20%. Some studies suggest figures as high as 30% of adults, with a notable decrease in prevalence with age.
- In children and adolescents: The likelihood is even higher, with estimates ranging from 8% to 40%. The increased flexibility during childhood is often a normal part of development.
- Gender differences: Joint hypermobility is generally more common in females than in males. Studies have shown that female children and adults consistently have higher rates of hypermobility.
- Ethnicity: Research indicates that people of Asian and Afro-Caribbean descent may have a higher genetic predisposition to increased flexibility compared to European populations.
How to Assess for Hypermobility: The Beighton Score
Healthcare professionals often use the Beighton Score, a simple nine-point physical assessment, to clinically screen for generalized joint hypermobility. A higher score indicates greater hypermobility. The score evaluates the flexibility of specific joints. It's important to remember that this is a screening tool, not a diagnostic one for hypermobility disorders.
Comparison of Normal vs. Hypermobile Joints
| Feature | Normal Joints | Hypermobile Joints |
|---|---|---|
| Range of Motion | Move within a standard, expected arc. | Move beyond the typical end range. |
| Ligament Tension | Ligaments are firm and stable, limiting motion. | Ligaments are looser and more elastic. |
| Sensation | Motion stops with a firm, stable feeling. | Motion extends further, feeling 'loose' or unstable. |
| Associated Symptoms | Typically asymptomatic. | Can be asymptomatic or associated with pain, subluxations, or fatigue. |
| Genetics | Connective tissue protein production is typical. | Genetic variations can affect collagen quality and function. |
| Risks | Low risk of joint instability or dislocation. | Increased risk of joint instability, sprains, and injury. |
Hypermobility and Related Conditions
For many, having hypermobile joints is a benign trait that causes no problems. For some, it can even be an advantage, as seen in dancers, gymnasts, and musicians. However, for others, it is associated with a range of symptoms, leading to a diagnosis of Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD).
A small percentage of individuals with hypermobility may have an underlying connective tissue disorder, such as Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). EDS is a group of genetic conditions affecting connective tissue throughout the body and can lead to a host of systemic issues, including chronic pain and fatigue. It is critical to differentiate between asymptomatic hypermobility and a symptomatic disorder. If you experience chronic pain, frequent joint injuries, or other systemic issues, consulting a doctor is essential.
Potential Risks and Benefits
Benefits
- Athletic advantage: Increased flexibility is beneficial in sports like gymnastics, swimming, and dance.
- Party trick: The ability to perform impressive physical feats is a harmless curiosity for many.
Risks
- Joint instability: Loose ligaments can lead to a higher risk of sprains, strains, subluxations (partial dislocation), and full dislocations.
- Chronic pain: Joint instability and frequent microtrauma can cause persistent joint pain (arthralgia) and muscle pain.
- Fatigue: Chronic pain and the constant effort to stabilize joints can lead to debilitating fatigue.
- Associated conditions: Hypermobility has been linked with other conditions, including anxiety disorders, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), and gastrointestinal issues.
Managing Hypermobility
If your hypermobility causes symptoms, management focuses on minimizing risks and alleviating pain. A physical therapist can be invaluable in creating a targeted exercise program to strengthen muscles that support and stabilize the joints. Avoiding overstretching and performing specific movements can help prevent injury. Using assistive devices like braces can provide additional support during strenuous activities.
It is vital to listen to your body and avoid pushing through pain. Unlike a person with standard flexibility, overstretching can cause more harm than good for those with hypermobility. Focusing on strength and stability over further increasing range of motion is the key to a healthy, functional life with hypermobility.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the chances of being double-jointed, or hypermobile, are quite high, particularly for females and children. While often a benign trait, it can sometimes indicate an underlying connective tissue disorder that requires medical attention. Knowing your own flexibility level and understanding the associated risks and benefits is an important step toward proactive health management. For more information on connective tissue disorders and hypermobility, visit The Ehlers-Danlos Society at https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/.
