Understanding Cyst Formation
Cysts are non-cancerous, closed sac-like pockets of tissue that can contain various substances like air, fluid, or pus. [1, 2] They can appear anywhere in the body and their causes vary depending on the type and location. [2] Common causes include blockages in ducts or glands, preventing drainage and leading to material buildup within a sac. [2]
Blocked Ducts and Glands
Obstruction of ducts is a frequent cause of cysts. [2] For instance, sebaceous cysts occur when sebaceous glands become blocked, trapping sebum. [2] Mucous cysts on the lip can form due to clogged salivary glands. [2]
Infections and Inflammation
Infections can lead to cyst formation as the body walls off the infection, creating a sac or abscess. [2] An ingrown hair infection can result in a pilonidal cyst. [2] Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as acne, can also trigger cyst development; inflamed hair follicles can rupture and form cystic lesions. [2]
Genetic Factors and Developmental Issues
Some individuals are genetically predisposed to certain cysts, like polycystic kidney disease, which is hereditary and causes numerous kidney cysts. [2] Developmental abnormalities present at birth can also cause cysts, such as a branchial cleft cyst in the neck. [2]
Trauma and Injury
Physical trauma can sometimes cause cysts. [2] Ganglion cysts, often near joints or tendons, can result from injuries, repetitive stress, or overuse. [2]
Causes of Common Cyst Types
Exploring specific types of cysts helps clarify their triggers. [2]
Skin Cysts
- Epidermoid Cysts: Caused by skin cells moving deeper into the skin and multiplying, forming a sac filled with keratin. [3, 4]
- Pilar Cysts: These develop from hair follicles, usually on the scalp, are often hereditary, and contain keratin. [4]
Ovarian Cysts
Often linked to the menstrual cycle, ovarian cysts are common. [2]
- Follicular Cysts: Form when a follicle growing an egg doesn't release it and continues to grow. [2]
- Corpus Luteum Cysts: Develop after egg release if the follicle's opening seals, causing fluid accumulation. [2]
Breast Cysts
Fluid-filled breast cysts frequently occur due to hormonal changes, particularly in premenopausal women, causing excess fluid production in breast glands. [2]
Ganglion Cysts
These are often linked to trauma or repetitive joint stress, leading to swelling around a tendon sheath or joint and formation of a fluid-filled sac. [2]
Identifying and Differentiating Cysts
It's important to distinguish cysts from tumors. [1] While most cysts are benign, new lumps should be checked by a healthcare professional. [1, 2]
| Feature | Cyst | Tumor |
|---|---|---|
| Composition | Sac-like, filled with fluid, air, or other material | Solid mass of abnormal tissue |
| Growth Rate | Often grows slowly; can fluctuate in size | Varies; can be rapid (malignant) |
| Commonality | Very common and often benign | Can be benign or malignant (cancerous) |
| Formation Cause | Blockages, inflammation, genetics, trauma | Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth |
| Appearance | Smooth, pliable, or firm depending on contents | Can be irregular or firm |
For more information on specific cysts, consult medical resources. The Mayo Clinic offers details on epidermoid cysts. [3]
When to See a Doctor
Most cysts resolve naturally, but medical evaluation is needed for rapidly growing, painful, or infected cysts (redness, warmth, pus). [2] Internal cysts, like ovarian or kidney cysts, often require imaging for diagnosis and treatment assessment. [2]
Conclusion
Cyst formation is influenced by various biological and external factors. [2] Understanding what are the major causes of cysts is key to managing these common growths. [2] Regular check-ups and prompt medical attention for concerning growths are vital. [2]
