Understanding the IUD for Military Service Members
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped contraceptive device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. It is a highly effective and convenient form of birth control, with various types lasting for several years. The Military Health System (MHS), through TRICARE, provides access to IUDs for eligible service members and their families, supporting their overall health and readiness, particularly given the unique demands of military service.
Types of IUDs Available
The MHS generally offers access to FDA-approved IUDs similar to those available in the civilian sector. There are two main types:
- Hormonal IUDs: These release a low dose of progestin hormone and can reduce or stop menstrual periods, which is beneficial during deployments. They last 3 to 8 years. Examples include Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla.
- Non-Hormonal (Copper) IUDs: The ParaGard IUD uses copper and is effective for up to 10 years. It can also be used as emergency contraception. Copper IUDs do not suppress periods and may cause heavier bleeding or cramping.
How to Get an IUD in the Military
Getting an IUD through the military system has become more convenient, often involving counseling and placement during a clinic visit.
The Process for Active-Duty and Beneficiaries
- Consultation: Schedule a visit at a Military Treatment Facility (MTF) to discuss options with a provider. Many MTFs offer walk-in services.
- Placement: IUD insertion is a quick in-office procedure. Some clinics allow same-day placement under certain conditions.
- Follow-up: A follow-up visit is often recommended to ensure correct placement, and service members are shown how to check the IUD strings.
Walk-in Contraceptive Services
Since November 2022, military hospitals and clinics are required to offer expanded access to walk-in contraceptive services, including IUD insertion. This reduces the need for multiple appointments and improves access.
Cost and Coverage
TRICARE covers the insertion, removal, and replacement of FDA-approved IUDs. Cost-sharing and copayments for long-acting contraceptives like IUDs are often waived for most beneficiaries. Active-duty service members typically receive contraceptives at no cost at MTF pharmacies or clinics.
IUDs and Deployment Readiness
IUDs, especially hormonal ones that can suppress menstruation, offer significant advantages for female service members during deployment by simplifying hygiene and reducing the need for menstrual products in challenging environments. Their high effectiveness also reduces the risk of unplanned pregnancies, supporting career progression and unit readiness. The long-term nature of IUDs means minimal maintenance, allowing service members to focus on their mission.
IUDs vs. Other Contraception in the Military
The MHS offers various birth control options. Here's a comparison:
| Feature | IUD (Intrauterine Device) | Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon) | Birth Control Pills | Depo-Provera (Injection) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effectiveness | Over 99% effective | Over 99% effective | 91% effective with perfect use | 94% effective with perfect use |
| Duration | 3–10 years (type dependent) | Up to 3 years | Daily | Every 12–14 weeks |
| Hormones | Hormonal or Non-Hormonal | Hormonal (etonogestrel) | Hormonal (estrogen and progestin) | Hormonal (progestin) |
| Pros for Military | Long-term, highly effective, can suppress periods (hormonal) | Long-term, no user error, can suppress periods | Widely available, user control | Long-term, can suppress periods |
| Cons for Military | In-clinic procedure for insertion/removal | In-clinic procedure for insertion/removal | Requires daily adherence; can be difficult during deployment | Can cause weight gain; requires clinic visits every 3 months |
Choosing the right method depends on individual factors. Resources like the Navy's "Decide + Be Ready" app and the Defense Health Agency (DHA) website (health.mil) provide further guidance on military reproductive health.
Conclusion
An IUD is a highly effective and convenient birth control option fully supported by the Military Health System. With TRICARE coverage and the availability of walk-in contraceptive services, the military is committed to ensuring service members have access to reliable reproductive healthcare. IUDs, including both hormonal and non-hormonal types, offer long-lasting solutions for family planning and menstrual management, which are particularly valuable in the demanding environment of military service.
