Synonyms and Anatomical Terminology
In anatomical terms, the clavipectoral fascia is often referred to by several names, which can sometimes be used interchangeably, though they technically refer to different parts or perspectives of the same structure. The most common alternative names are the costocoracoid membrane and the coracoclavicular fascia. The use of different terms often depends on the specific region of the fascia being referenced.
Anatomy of the Clavipectoral Fascia
This strong, fibrous sheet of connective tissue occupies the space between the clavicle (collarbone) and the pectoralis minor muscle. It provides a protective covering for the major blood vessels and nerves that pass through the axilla (armpit). It splits superiorly to enclose the subclavius muscle and inferiorly to enclose the pectoralis minor muscle. It attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula and the first rib. Below the pectoralis minor, it continues as the suspensory ligament of the axilla.
Structures Piercing the Fascia
Several important neurovascular structures pierce the clavipectoral fascia, including the cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and vein, lymphatic vessels, and the lateral pectoral nerve.
Comparing Clavipectoral Fascia Components
| Feature | Clavipectoral Fascia (General) | Costocoracoid Membrane (Specific) |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A fibrous sheet deep to the pectoralis major, covering the space between the clavicle and pectoralis minor. | The thickened, dense superior portion of the clavipectoral fascia. |
| Location | Extends from clavicle to axillary fascia. | Found between the first rib and the coracoid process. |
| Thickness | Varies | Often thicker and denser. |
| Function | Protects vessels and nerves, encloses muscles, and forms the suspensory ligament. | Contributes to shoulder stability and provides a passage for structures. |
| Primary Piercings | All listed structures pass through the general fascia. | The cephalic vein, thoracoacromial vessels, and lateral pectoral nerve specifically pierce this membranous portion. |
Functional Significance
The clavipectoral fascia plays a role in the biomechanics of the shoulder by providing support and protection for neurovascular structures and contributing to the shape of the axilla via the suspensory ligament. It also acts as a glide plane for the pectoralis major over the pectoralis minor.
Clinical Relevance
Understanding the clavipectoral fascia is important for surgeons due to its proximity to vital structures. Variations can be associated with conditions like thoracic outlet syndrome, and the fascial plane can be targeted for regional anesthesia. For further reading on clinical context, you can find information on the relationship of the subclavius muscle with relevance to subclavian venous catheterization {Link: NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761380/}.
Conclusion
In summary, the clavipectoral fascia, also known as the costocoracoid membrane or coracoclavicular fascia, is a significant connective tissue in the pectoral region. Its anatomy and protective functions for neurovascular structures highlight its importance in anatomy and clinical practice, particularly in shoulder and pectoral surgeries. Its synonyms reflect the anatomical focus on specific sub-regions and connections.
