What questions to ask before surgery? A comprehensive patient's guide

Approximately 48 million surgical procedures are performed annually in the United States alone. To ensure a safe and successful outcome, patients must feel empowered and informed. Knowing what questions to ask before surgery is the critical first step toward becoming an active partner in your care.

Quick Summary

It is essential to ask your surgeon, anesthesiologist, and insurance provider specific questions about the procedure's necessity, risks, alternatives, and recovery details. Being proactive about understanding every aspect of your treatment plan empowers you with the information needed to make confident decisions about your health and ensure a smoother recovery process.

Key Points

• Understanding the Procedure: Clarify your diagnosis, the surgery's name, and why it's necessary over other options.

• Assessing Your Team: Inquire about your surgeon's experience and the credentials of the surgical and anesthesia teams.

• Mitigating Risks: Discuss all potential risks and complications, and how your personal health factors might affect outcomes.

• Planning Recovery: Ask for a clear recovery timeline, pain management plan, and what to expect post-surgery at home.

• Navigating Finances: Understand the costs involved, your insurance coverage, and ensure all providers are in-network.

• Prepping for the Day: Confirm all pre-operative instructions, including fasting, medication, and any necessary tests.

Your Essential Pre-Surgery Questions

Facing a surgical procedure can be an overwhelming experience, but being well-prepared with the right questions can help alleviate anxiety and ensure you receive the best possible care. Your journey begins with a thorough conversation with your medical team, and this guide provides a structured approach to those discussions, covering everything from the procedure itself to post-operative care and financial considerations.

Questions About the Procedure and Your Diagnosis

Before consenting to surgery, you need a clear understanding of your condition and the proposed treatment plan. These questions will help clarify the "why" and "what" of your procedure.

1. What is my specific diagnosis, and why is this surgery the recommended treatment?
2. What is the technical name of the procedure, and what will happen during it?
3. Are there any less-invasive or non-surgical alternatives I should consider? What are the pros and cons of each option?
4. What happens if I delay or choose not to have the surgery?
5. What results can I reasonably expect from this surgery? How long will the benefits last?

Questions for Your Surgical and Anesthesia Teams

Your confidence in the people performing your surgery is paramount. It is your right to know their experience and credentials, as well as the plan for keeping you safe and comfortable during the procedure.

• How many times have you performed this specific procedure?
• What is your complication rate for this type of surgery?
• Is your facility accredited? Is it adequately staffed for potential emergencies?
• Who will be on my surgical team? Will I have a dedicated anesthesiologist?
• What type of anesthesia will be used (general, regional, or local)? What are the risks and side effects associated with it?
• Will I meet the anesthesiologist beforehand to discuss my medical history?

Questions About Risks, Benefits, and Complications

Every surgical procedure has potential risks and benefits. A candid discussion will prepare you for all possible outcomes.

1. What are the most common risks and potential complications of this surgery?
2. How will my pre-existing health conditions (like diabetes or heart disease) or current medications affect the risks and outcomes?
3. What is the likelihood of needing a follow-up or additional procedure in the future?
4. How will pain be managed during and after the surgery?

Questions About Recovery and Post-Operative Care

Recovery can be just as complex as the surgery itself. Knowing what to expect will help you prepare your home and arrange for support.

• How long will my hospital stay be, and what is the typical recovery timeline?
• What kind of pain management plan will be in place after the procedure?
• What physical limitations or activity restrictions will I have during recovery?
• Will I need any special equipment or assistance at home (e.g., physical therapy, home health care)?
• What symptoms should I watch for that might indicate a problem? When should I contact the doctor?
• What is the follow-up schedule after my surgery?

Financial and Administrative Questions

Medical bills can be a significant source of stress. Addressing financial matters upfront is crucial for avoiding unexpected costs.

Item	Surgeon's Office	Hospital/Facility	Anesthesiologist	Insurance Provider
Cost Estimation	Can you provide an estimated cost for the surgical fee?	Can you provide an estimate for facility fees, including the operating room?	Is the anesthesiologist in-network? What are their estimated fees?	What is my out-of-pocket maximum, and have I met my deductible?
Billing Codes	What are the CPT codes for this procedure?	What are the facility's billing codes for this procedure?	What codes will the anesthesiologist use?	Do these procedure codes require pre-authorization?
Coverage Details	Are you in-network with my insurance?	Is the hospital in-network for my plan?	Will the anesthesiologist bill my insurance directly?	Will all services, including lab work and pathology, be covered?

For more detailed information on understanding your healthcare plan and billing, visit the Center for Medicare Advocacy.

Preparing for the Big Day

Your actions in the days and hours leading up to surgery play a significant role in your safety and recovery. Ensure you understand all pre-operative instructions.

• When do I need to stop eating and drinking?
• What medications should I take or stop taking before surgery?
• Will I need to undergo any special tests or blood work beforehand?
• Is there a particular way I should prepare my skin or cleanse the surgical area?

Conclusion

Taking the time to ask these detailed questions and to understand the answers will empower you as a patient. Preparation is not just about the logistics of the day; it's about gaining peace of mind. By actively engaging with your healthcare providers, you are ensuring that your surgical experience is as safe and successful as possible. Your health is your most valuable asset, and being informed is the best way to protect it. Remember to take notes during your consultations and to bring a trusted family member or friend for support if needed.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if my surgeon is qualified for my specific procedure?

You can ask if the surgeon is board-certified in their specialty and for statistics on their experience and success rate with your specific procedure.

What if I can't afford the surgery or don't have insurance?

Discuss costs openly with the hospital's billing department. They can often provide a financial estimate and information about payment plans or hospital financial assistance programs.

Should I get a second opinion before surgery?

Yes, getting a second opinion is often a good idea, especially for non-emergency or complex surgeries. It can provide peace of mind and confirm that you are making the best decision for your health.

What information should I share with my surgical team beforehand?

You should provide a complete list of all medications, supplements, and allergies. Also, disclose any past reactions to anesthesia and your full medical history.

What if I feel too overwhelmed to ask all the questions?

Bring a family member or friend to your appointments. They can help you take notes and remember to ask important questions, providing support and an extra set of ears.

How will I manage pain after the surgery?

Your doctor will discuss the pain management plan with you. This might include prescription pain medication, over-the-counter options, or other therapies. Don't hesitate to ask for clarification on the schedule and type of medication.

When can I resume normal activities like driving or exercising?

Recovery timelines vary depending on the procedure. Ask your surgeon for specific recommendations on when to return to daily activities, including lifting, exercise, and driving.