The Record-Breaking Lip Plate
Ataye Eligidagne, a member of the Surma tribe in Ethiopia, holds the Guinness World Record for the world's largest lip plate. Measured in October 2014, her lip plate reached an impressive 19.5 cm (7.7 inches) in diameter and a circumference of 59.5 cm (23.4 inches).
A History of Lip Plate Traditions
Lip plates have been used for thousands of years, with evidence in Africa dating back to 5500–6000 BCE in Sudan and Ethiopia. They are strongly linked to the Mursi and Surma (Suri) tribes of Ethiopia's Omo Valley. While their exact origin is debated, one theory suggests they were a deterrent to slave traders. The practice evolved to symbolize beauty and social status.
The Cultural Significance and Symbolism
Within the Mursi and Surma communities, the lip plate carries significant meaning.
Transition to Womanhood
Beginning between the ages of 13 and 18, a small incision is made in the lower lip, starting a stretching process that is a rite of passage into womanhood.
Symbol of Beauty and Status
For these women, a lip plate represents beauty and pride, with larger plates often increasing social standing. Clay plates are often made and decorated by the women themselves.
Marital and Economic Value
The size of a lip plate may influence a woman's bridal wealth, though this connection is debated. The practice is linked to both economic and social aspects.
The Process of Lip Stretching
Achieving a large lip plate is a gradual process requiring resilience.
- Initial Piercing: A small cut is made and a wooden peg inserted.
- Initial Healing: The piercing heals.
- Gradual Stretching: Progressively larger pegs stretch the lip.
- First Plate Insertion: A clay plate is inserted when the opening reaches about 4 cm.
- Reaching Maximum Size: Larger plates are used over several years to reach the desired size.
Health Considerations and Challenges
Despite its cultural significance, wearing large lip plates can lead to health issues.
Oral Health Risks
- Gum Irritation: The plate can irritate gums.
- Teeth Damage: Lower incisor teeth are often removed, and other teeth may shift or sustain damage.
- Dental Issues: Erosion and gapping of teeth can occur.
Other Health Risks
- Infection: There is an infection risk during piercing and stretching.
- Eating and Drinking: Plates must often be removed for eating and drinking.
- Speech Impediments: Speech can be affected.
Table: Lip Plate vs. Modern Oral Piercings
| Aspect | Lip Plate (Traditional) | Oral Piercings (Modern) |
|---|---|---|
| Cultural Context | Deeply embedded in tribal traditions; symbolizes beauty, status, and marriage eligibility. | Primarily for aesthetic self-expression; often a passing trend in modern society. |
| Method | Gradual stretching of the lower lip with progressively larger clay or wooden discs. | Single, immediate piercing with metal jewelry (e.g., rings, studs). |
| Materials | Primarily clay and wood, often handcrafted and decorated. | Various metals (stainless steel, titanium) and synthetic materials. |
| Health Risks | Chronic gum irritation, dental damage, infection risks during stretching. | Chipped teeth, gum recession, higher risk of localized infection. |
| Healing Time | Long-term process, with gradual stretching taking years. | Typically a matter of weeks for the initial piercing to heal. |
The Tradition in the Modern World
Globalization is influencing lip plate traditions. Younger generations have more choice, leading to changing views on beauty and marriage. However, the practice remains a strong symbol of cultural identity. Tourism also impacts the tradition, raising concerns about cultural commodification. For further information, explore resources like the {Link: Pitt Rivers Museum https://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/bodyarts/index.php/permanent-body-arts/reshaping-and-piercing/158-african-lip-plugs.html}.
Conclusion: More Than Just a Record
The story of who has the biggest lip plate in the world highlights an enduring cultural practice and the perseverance of the Surma and Mursi tribes, showcasing diverse definitions of beauty and identity.
