Understanding the Basics of Cysts
A cyst is a sac-like pocket of membranous tissue that can contain fluid, air, pus, or other materials. While they can develop almost anywhere in the body, from internal organs to just under the skin, most are benign (non-cancerous). The likelihood of a cyst disappearing on its own is not universal and depends heavily on its origin and characteristics. This is why proper identification and monitoring are crucial.
Causes Behind Cyst Formation
Cysts can form for a variety of reasons, including:
- Blocked ducts: When the duct leading from an oil gland or other bodily gland becomes blocked, it can cause material to build up and form a cyst. This is a common cause of epidermoid cysts.
- Infections: Bacterial or fungal infections can lead to the formation of painful, inflamed cysts or abscesses.
- Trauma: An injury to the skin or tissue can sometimes trigger the development of a cyst as part of the body's healing process.
- Genetics: Some conditions that cause cysts, like polycystic kidney disease, are hereditary.
- Normal bodily processes: Functional ovarian cysts are a natural part of the menstrual cycle and are a sign that the ovaries are working as they should be.
Types of Cysts That Often Go Away on Their Own
Not all cysts are created equal. Some are known for their tendency to resolve naturally, especially if they are small and uninfected. These include:
- Functional Ovarian Cysts: These form during the menstrual cycle. Follicular cysts develop if the egg-releasing follicle doesn't break open, while corpus luteum cysts form after the egg is released. Both types typically disappear on their own within 8 to 12 weeks.
- Ganglion Cysts: These harmless fluid-filled sacs most commonly appear near joints or tendons, especially on the wrists. They often disappear spontaneously over time, though some people may opt for drainage or removal for cosmetic reasons or if they become bothersome.
- Breast Cysts: Often painful, these fluid-filled sacs in the breast tissue are typically benign and known to go away on their own. They can be drained if pain becomes severe.
- Chalazion Cysts: Forming on the eyelid when the tear duct is blocked, these small bumps often disappear in a few weeks with conservative treatment, like a warm compress.
When Cysts Require Medical Intervention
While some cysts are transient, others are more persistent or problematic. It is important to see a healthcare provider if you have a cyst that exhibits certain characteristics. You may need medical treatment if a cyst:
- Grows rapidly or is abnormally large.
- Is located in a sensitive or awkward area where it's prone to irritation or pressure.
- Becomes painful, inflamed, or shows signs of infection like redness and warmth.
- Ruptures, which can lead to infection or inflammation.
- Is a specific type, such as a pilonidal cyst, which is highly prone to infection and requires removal.
Treatment Options for Persistent Cysts
For cysts that won't go away or are causing problems, a doctor may recommend one of several treatments:
- Incision and Drainage: A small incision is made to drain the cyst's contents, providing immediate relief from pressure and pain. However, some cysts may return if the sac lining is not fully removed.
- Surgical Excision: This is the most definitive treatment, involving the complete surgical removal of the cyst and its wall to prevent recurrence.
- Steroid Injections: For inflamed but uninfected cysts, a corticosteroid injection can help reduce swelling and accelerate healing.
Comparison of Common Cyst Types
Understanding the differences between common cysts can help you determine the likely course of action. This table provides a quick comparison.
| Cyst Type | Typical Location | Common Outcome | When to Seek Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional Ovarian | Ovary | Usually resolves on its own within a few months. | If it's large, doesn't resolve, or causes severe pain. |
| Epidermoid (Sebaceous) | Face, neck, torso | Can grow slowly over time; may or may not go away. | If it's inflamed, infected, or bothersome for cosmetic reasons. |
| Ganglion | Joints/tendons, especially wrist | Often disappears naturally over time. | If it causes pain, restricts movement, or is cosmetically undesirable. |
| Pilonidal | Top of the buttock cleft | Requires medical intervention due to high infection risk. | All pilonidal cysts should be evaluated and removed. |
| Breast | Breast tissue | Typically resolves on its own, but can be drained. | If it becomes very painful. |
What Happens If a Cyst is Left Untreated?
Ignoring a cyst, especially one that is problematic, carries risks. While many benign cysts are harmless, they can sometimes cause more serious complications over time.
- Infection and Abscess: If a cyst becomes infected, it can fill with pus and become an abscess. If this abscess bursts, it can lead to a more widespread infection or, in rare cases, blood poisoning.
- Rupture and Scarring: A ruptured cyst can cause pain and inflammation. The body's inflammatory response can also lead to permanent scarring or skin discoloration.
- Malignancy Risk: While the vast majority of cysts are benign, there is a very small risk that some could turn cancerous. A doctor can perform a biopsy to test the cells if there is any concern about malignancy. Read more on when to worry about malignant cysts.
The Bottom Line
The question of whether cysts go away is not straightforward. For many common, benign types, spontaneous resolution is a strong possibility. However, it's never wise to assume. A cyst that is growing, painful, infected, or causing discomfort should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional. They can accurately diagnose the type of cyst, rule out more serious issues, and recommend the best course of action to ensure your long-term health and prevent complications.
