Not All Cysts Are Created Equal
Cysts are noncancerous, closed pockets of tissue that can be filled with fluid, pus, or other material. The likelihood of a cyst dissolving depends heavily on its specific type and origin. Some are temporary physiological phenomena, while others are structural formations that will not go away on their own without treatment.
Cysts That May Resolve on Their Own
Several types of cysts are known for their potential to shrink and disappear over time. Understanding these is key to determining if a wait-and-see approach is appropriate for your situation.
- Functional Ovarian Cysts: These form as part of the normal menstrual cycle and are the most common type. Follicular cysts occur when a follicle doesn't release its egg, and a corpus luteum cyst can form after the egg is released. In most cases, these are asymptomatic and disappear on their own within a few menstrual cycles.
- Breast Cysts: Often caused by hormonal fluctuations, these fluid-filled sacs in the breast tissue are common and benign. Small breast cysts can fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle and sometimes disappear completely.
- Small Ganglion Cysts: These fluid-filled lumps often develop near joints or tendons, most commonly on the wrists or ankles. For reasons not entirely understood, some ganglion cysts may shrink or vanish, though they can also reappear.
Cysts That Require Medical Intervention
Unlike the temporary types, many cysts are encapsulated growths that will not go away naturally. Attempting to pop or squeeze these can lead to serious complications, including infection and scarring, and will not remove the cyst lining, causing it to return.
- Epidermoid Cysts: These keratin-filled skin cysts are among the most common and will not dissolve on their own. They form when surface skin cells move inward and multiply, creating a sac that fills with protein. Without complete removal of the sac, they are likely to recur.
- Pilar Cysts: Similar to epidermoid cysts but developing from hair follicles, pilar cysts are almost always found on the scalp. They are hereditary and persist indefinitely without surgical removal.
- Infected or Inflamed Cysts: Any cyst, regardless of type, that becomes red, painful, or tender is likely infected. At this point, it will not resolve and requires medical treatment, potentially involving drainage and antibiotics.
When is medical attention necessary?
It is crucial to seek professional medical advice for any new or changing lump. A doctor can accurately diagnose the type of cyst and recommend the appropriate course of action. You should especially consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Rapid growth or a sudden change in size.
- Signs of infection, such as redness, increased pain, or discharge.
- If the cyst is interfering with movement or causing discomfort.
- Any cyst that looks unusual or has suspicious features.
- For painful ruptured cysts, which can indicate internal bleeding.
Comparison of Common Cyst Types
To illustrate the differences, here is a comparison of some common cysts:
| Feature | Epidermoid Cyst | Functional Ovarian Cyst | Ganglion Cyst |
|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Face, neck, torso, scalp | Ovaries | Wrists, hands, ankles, feet |
| Likelihood of Natural Resolution | Very low; requires medical removal | High; typically resolves in 1-3 menstrual cycles | Variable; can shrink or vanish, but often persists |
| Fluid/Contents | Keratin and skin cells | Fluid | Clear, jelly-like fluid |
| Primary Cause | Trapped skin cells | Hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycle | Unknown; possibly related to trauma or irritation |
| Typical Treatment | Surgical excision (removing the entire sac) | Observation; surgery only if large, persistent, or symptomatic | Observation, drainage, or surgical removal |
Treatment Options for Persistent Cysts
For cysts that do not dissolve, a healthcare professional can offer several effective treatment options to remove or manage them safely. Choosing the right method depends on the cyst's location, size, and whether it is infected.
- Drainage: A doctor can make a small incision and drain the contents of the cyst. This is often a temporary solution for epidermoid cysts, as the sac remains and the cyst can refill. For infected cysts, this procedure provides immediate relief.
- Steroid Injections: For smaller, inflamed cysts, a cortisone injection can help reduce swelling and prompt shrinkage without the need for incision.
- Surgical Excision: This is the most effective method for preventing recurrence, especially for epidermoid and pilar cysts. The entire cyst sac is surgically removed under local anesthesia, ensuring the cyst cannot regrow.
- Antibiotics: If a cyst becomes infected, oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to clear the infection before considering removal.
For a comprehensive overview of various cysts and their treatments, refer to this authoritative guide from the Mayo Clinic.
Conclusion
While some benign cysts will naturally shrink and disappear, many—particularly those with a deep-seated sac like epidermoid cysts—are permanent and won't go away on their own. Instead of waiting or attempting self-treatment, it is always wisest to consult a healthcare professional. A proper diagnosis can determine the cyst's nature and guide you toward the most appropriate course of treatment, ensuring both your health and peace of mind.
