What Does Linalool Do to Your Body? The Health Effects of this Fragrant Terpene

September 30, 2025 •

4 min read

A 2018 study published in Frontiers in Pharmacology found that simply inhaling the scent of linalool can produce a relaxing effect, helping to answer the question: what does linalool do to your body?. This naturally occurring terpene is found in over 200 plant species, including lavender and basil, and has been traditionally used for its therapeutic effects.

Quick Summary

Linalool is a natural terpene with potential therapeutic effects on the body, including calming and anti-anxiety properties, pain relief, and anti-inflammatory action. It works by influencing the central nervous system.

Key Points

Anxiety and Stress Reduction: Linalool is an anxiolytic, meaning it helps to curb anxiety and promote relaxation by interacting with the central nervous system, specifically modulating GABA receptors.
Anti-Inflammatory and Pain-Relieving: Studies suggest that linalool possesses anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce swelling and dampen an over-reactive inflammatory response. It also has analgesic effects, helping to moderate the perception of pain.
Sleep-Promoting Effects: Due to its sedative qualities, linalool-rich essential oils, like lavender, are commonly used in aromatherapy to help improve sleep quality.
Potential Neuroprotective Effects: Preliminary animal studies have indicated that linalool may have a protective effect on brain health and show promise in research related to neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Skin Sensitivity and Side Effects: Linalool can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, especially when it has oxidized through prolonged exposure to air. High concentrations can also pose respiratory risks.
Metabolic Pathway: Linalool is primarily metabolized by the liver through conjugation with glucuronic acid and is then excreted from the body.

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in hundreds of plants, renowned for its pleasant, floral scent reminiscent of lavender. It is widely used in cosmetics, essential oils, and fragrances, but its effects go beyond a simple aroma. Research suggests that this versatile compound can influence the body in several ways, most notably through its impact on the central nervous system.

Calming and stress-relieving effects

One of the most recognized effects of linalool is its ability to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. Its aroma is a key factor in its anxiolytic properties, with studies showing that inhalation can help calm an overactive nervous system.

How it affects the nervous system

GABAergic System Modulation: Linalool is thought to work by modulating the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and by enhancing its effect, linalool helps to inhibit neural activity, leading to sedative and calming results. This is a primary mechanism behind its ability to reduce anxiety and stress.
Reduces Stress Chemicals: Animal studies have shown that inhaling linalool can reduce the production of stress-related chemicals in the body. One such study involved rats exposed to stressful conditions, where linalool inhalation significantly lowered their stress levels.

Impact on mood and sleep

Improves Sleep Quality: Given its calming nature, linalool has been studied for its potential to improve sleep. The relaxing effects can help reduce anxiety and restlessness that interfere with sleep. Research involving lavender oil, which is high in linalool, has found that inhalation can increase slow-wave sleep.
May Alleviate Depression: Some studies suggest that linalool may have antidepressant effects, potentially by interacting with serotonin receptors, though more research is needed.

Anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties

Linalool has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, which contribute to its therapeutic potential.

Mechanism of action on pain

Modulates Pain Perception: It is believed that linalool interacts with the central nervous system to alter how the brain perceives pain. It may diminish the strength of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter linked to muscle contraction, and help regulate other brain chemicals involved in pain signaling.
Reduces Swelling: Preclinical studies have concluded that linalool possesses anti-inflammatory properties, potentially dampening an overactive inflammatory response to injury. This can help soothe irritation, redness, and swelling.

Potential neurological and neuroprotective effects

Linalool's influence on the central nervous system extends to more complex conditions, and ongoing research is exploring its neuroprotective potential.

Impact on neurological diseases

Anticonvulsant Properties: Research indicates that linalool may have anticonvulsant effects, potentially by decreasing the activity of brain chemicals involved in muscle contractions and seizures. This has led to studies on its potential use in epilepsy.
Alzheimer's Research: Preliminary studies in mice suggest that linalool might help slow or reverse some cognitive impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease. This is thought to be due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help reduce inflammation and plaque in the brain.

Considerations and potential side effects

While linalool is generally considered safe when used appropriately, there are important considerations and potential side effects to be aware of.

Risks of skin irritation and allergy

Oxidation and Sensitization: When exposed to air, linalool can oxidize, forming hydroperoxides that are more likely to cause allergic reactions, especially contact dermatitis. This is a particular concern with older essential oils or products stored improperly.
Skin Sensitivity: Some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin or fragrance allergies, may experience irritation, redness, or itching from linalool, especially when applied undiluted or in high concentrations.

Inhalation and toxicity

Respiratory Concerns: In high concentrations, inhaling linalool vapors or mists could potentially cause respiratory irritation, particularly for sensitive individuals or those with conditions like asthma.
Pet Toxicity: Concentrated forms of linalool can be toxic to cats and dogs if ingested. Pet owners should exercise caution when using products containing high levels of this terpene.

Linalool vs. Common Sedatives and Pain Relievers

| Feature | Linalool (via Essential Oil/Aromatherapy) | Traditional Sedatives / NSAIDs | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Primary Mechanism | Modulates neurotransmitters (GABA), reduces inflammation, affects pain perception. | Sedatives: Depress the central nervous system. NSAIDs: Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. | | Administration | Inhalation (aromatherapy), topical application (diluted), ingestion (as food flavor). | Oral tablets, capsules, liquid, or injectables. | | Primary Benefits | Calming, stress reduction, sleep aid, anti-inflammatory, pain relief. | Sedatives: Relaxation, sleep induction. NSAIDs: Pain relief, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory. | | Side Effects | Skin irritation (especially when oxidized), allergic reactions, respiratory issues in sensitive individuals. | Sedatives: Drowsiness, dependency, impaired coordination. NSAIDs: Stomach upset, heartburn, increased risk of heart attack or stroke. | | Onset of Effects | Rapid (inhalation) to moderate (topical). | Varies widely, typically 30-60 minutes for oral NSAIDs. | | Dependency Risk | Generally considered low, primarily used for relaxation support. | Significant risk of dependency with long-term use of many sedatives. | | Regulation | Varies; not as strictly regulated as pharmaceuticals. | Heavily regulated and prescribed by medical professionals. |

Conclusion

Linalool is a multifaceted compound with a well-documented history of use for its aromatic and therapeutic properties. While more human research is needed to fully understand all its mechanisms and effects, particularly at a clinical level, studies suggest that its calming, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential are significant. Its ability to modulate neurotransmitters, dampen inflammation, and provide pain relief makes it a promising natural compound for supporting general well-being. However, mindful usage, particularly regarding topical application and oxidation, is necessary to mitigate potential side effects, and consulting a healthcare professional is always recommended for specific health concerns.

For more comprehensive information on linalool's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, refer to this NIH study on linalool published in the journal Molecules.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, studies suggest that linalool has calming and sedative effects, which can help with anxiety and promote restful sleep. This is thought to be a result of its interaction with neurotransmitter systems, such as the GABAergic system.

Yes, linalool can cause skin irritation, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin or allergies. The risk of an allergic reaction increases if the linalool has oxidized after prolonged exposure to air. It is recommended to perform a patch test when using topical products containing linalool.

The most well-known natural source of linalool is lavender, which gets much of its floral aroma from this terpene. It is also found in many other plants, including basil, coriander, mint, and citrus fruits.

Linalool can be toxic to cats and dogs if ingested in concentrated forms. It is important to keep essential oils containing linalool out of their reach and ensure good ventilation if diffusing them in your home.

Yes, scientific studies have shown that linalool has anti-inflammatory properties. It can reduce the body's inflammatory response and may help alleviate swelling and redness.

When ingested, linalool is primarily metabolized by the liver, often by conjugating with glucuronic acid. The resulting polar compounds are then mostly excreted through the urine.

Yes, while linalool occurs naturally in plants, it can also be produced synthetically. Synthetic linalool is often used in commercial products like perfumes, soaps, and detergents.